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Common mathematical functions

Types

Defined in header <stdlib.h>
div_t
 structure type, return of the div function
(typedef)
ldiv_t
 structure type, return of the ldiv function
(typedef)
lldiv_t
(C99)
 structure type, return of the lldiv function
(typedef)
Defined in header <inttypes.h>
imaxdiv_t
(C99)
 structure type, return of the imaxdiv function
(typedef)
Defined in header <math.h>
float_t
(C99)
 most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float
(typedef)
double_t
(C99)
 most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as double
(typedef)

Constants

Defined in header <math.h>
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL
(C99)(C99)
 indicates value too big to be representable (infinity) by float, double and longdouble respectively
(macro constant)
FP_FAST_FMAFFP_FAST_FMAFP_FAST_FMAL
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 indicates that the fma function generally executes about as fast as, or faster than, a multiply and an add of double operands
(macro constant)
FP_ILOGB0FP_ILOGBNAN
(C99)(C99)
 evaluates to ilogb(x) if x is zero or NaN, respectively
(macro constant)
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions
(macro constant)
Defined in header <math.h> (deprecated in C23)
Defined in header <float.h> (since C23)
INFINITY
(C99)
 evaluates to positive infinity (if exists)
(macro constant)
NAN
(C99)
 evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (if exists)
(macro constant)
Defined in header <float.h>
FLT_SNANDBL_SNANLDBL_SNAN
(C23)
 evaluates to a signaling NaN of float, double and longdouble respectively (if exists)
(macro constant)
Classification
Defined in header <math.h>
FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN
(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
 indicates a floating-point category
(macro constant)

Functions

Defined in header <stdlib.h>
abslabsllabs
(C99)
 computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
(function)
divldivlldiv
(C99)
 computes quotient and remainder of integer division
(function)
Defined in header <inttypes.h>
imaxabs
(C99)
 computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
(function)
imaxdiv
(C99)
 computes quotient and remainder of integer division
(function)
Defined in header <math.h>
Basic operations
fabsfabsffabsl
(C99)(C99)
 computes absolute value of a floating-point value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
(function)
fmodfmodffmodl
(C99)(C99)
 computes remainder of the floating-point division operation
(function)
remainderremainderfremainderl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes signed remainder of the floating-point division operation
(function)
remquoremquofremquol
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation
(function)
fmafmaffmal
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes fused multiply-add operation
(function)
fdimfdimffdiml
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 determines positive difference of two floating-point values (\({\small\max{(0, x-y)} }\)max(0, x-y))
(function)
nannanfnanl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 returns a NaN (not-a-number)
(function)
Maximum/minimum operations
fmaxfmaxffmaxl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 determines larger of two floating-point values
(function)
fminfminffminl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 determines smaller of two floating-point values
(function)
fmaximumfmaximumffmaximuml
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines larger of two floating-point values. If either argument is NaN, returns NaN
(function)
fminimumfminimumffminimuml
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines smaller of two floating-point values. If either argument is NaN, returns NaN
(function)
fmaximum_numfmaximum_numffmaximum_numl
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines larger of two floating-point values. If one argument is NaN, returns the non-NaN argument. Returns NaN only if both arguments are NaN
(function)
fminimum_numfminimum_numffminimum_numl
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines smaller of two floating-point values. If one argument is NaN, returns the non-NaN argument. Returns NaN only if both arguments are NaN
(function)
fmaximum_magfmaximum_magffmaximum_magl
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines the floating-point value with the larger magnitude of two floating-point values. If either argument is NaN, returns NaN
(function)
fminimum_magfminimum_magffminimum_magl
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines the floating-point value with the smaller magnitude of two floating-point values. If either argument is NaN, returns NaN
(function)
fmaximum_mag_numfmaximum_mag_numffmaximum_mag_numl
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines the floating-point value with the larger magnitude of two floating-point values. If one argument is NaN, returns the non-NaN argument. Returns NaN only if both arguments are NaN
(function)
fminimum_mag_numfminimum_mag_numffminimum_mag_numl
(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines the floating-point value with the smaller magnitude of two floating-point values. If one argument is NaN, returns the non-NaN argument. Returns NaN only if both arguments are NaN
(function)
Exponential functions
expexpfexpl
(C99)(C99)
 computes e raised to the given power (\({\small e^x}\)ex)
(function)
exp2exp2fexp2l
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes 2 raised to the given power (\({\small 2^x}\)2x)
(function)
expm1expm1fexpm1l
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes e raised to the given power, minus one (\({\small e^x-1}\)ex-1)
(function)
loglogflogl
(C99)(C99)
 computes natural (base-e) logarithm (\({\small \ln{x} }\)ln(x))
(function)
log10log10flog10l
(C99)(C99)
 computes common (base-10) logarithm (\({\small \log_{10}{x} }\)log10(x))
(function)
log2log2flog2l
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes base-2 logarithm (\({\small \log_{2}{x} }\)log2(x))
(function)
log1plog1pflog1pl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes natural (base-e) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (\({\small \ln{(1+x)} }\)ln(1+x))
(function)
Power functions
powpowfpowl
(C99)(C99)
 computes a number raised to the given power (\(\small{x^y}\)xy)
(function)
sqrtsqrtfsqrtl
(C99)(C99)
 computes square root (\(\small{\sqrt{x} }\)√x)
(function)
cbrtcbrtfcbrtl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes cube root (\(\small{\sqrt[3]{x} }\)3√x)
(function)
hypothypotfhypotl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (\(\scriptsize{\sqrt{x^2+y^2} }\)√x2+y2)
(function)
Trigonometric functions
sinsinfsinl
(C99)(C99)
 computes sine (\({\small\sin{x} }\)sin(x))
(function)
coscosfcosl
(C99)(C99)
 computes cosine (\({\small\cos{x} }\)cos(x))
(function)
tantanftanl
(C99)(C99)
 computes tangent (\({\small\tan{x} }\)tan(x))
(function)
asinasinfasinl
(C99)(C99)
 computes arc sine (\({\small\arcsin{x} }\)arcsin(x))
(function)
acosacosfacosl
(C99)(C99)
 computes arc cosine (\({\small\arccos{x} }\)arccos(x))
(function)
atanatanfatanl
(C99)(C99)
 computes arc tangent (\({\small\arctan{x} }\)arctan(x))
(function)
atan2atan2fatan2l
(C99)(C99)
 computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
(function)
Hyperbolic functions
sinhsinhfsinhl
(C99)(C99)
 computes hyperbolic sine (\({\small\sinh{x} }\)sinh(x))
(function)
coshcoshfcoshl
(C99)(C99)
 computes hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\cosh{x} }\)cosh(x))
(function)
tanhtanhftanhl
(C99)(C99)
 computes hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\tanh{x} }\)tanh(x))
(function)
asinhasinhfasinhl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes inverse hyperbolic sine (\({\small\operatorname{arsinh}{x} }\)arsinh(x))
(function)
acoshacoshfacoshl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes inverse hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\operatorname{arcosh}{x} }\)arcosh(x))
(function)
atanhatanhfatanhl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes inverse hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\operatorname{artanh}{x} }\)artanh(x))
(function)
Error and gamma functions
erferfferfl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes error function
(function)
erfcerfcferfcl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes complementary error function
(function)
tgammatgammaftgammal
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes gamma function
(function)
lgammalgammaflgammal
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes natural (base-e) logarithm of the gamma function
(function)
Nearest integer floating-point operations
ceilceilfceill
(C99)(C99)
 computes smallest integer not less than the given value
(function)
floorfloorffloorl
(C99)(C99)
 computes largest integer not greater than the given value
(function)
trunctruncftruncl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value
(function)
roundroundfroundllroundlroundflroundlllroundllroundfllroundl
(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
 rounds to nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases
(function)
nearbyintnearbyintfnearbyintl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 rounds to an integer using current rounding mode
(function)
rintrintfrintllrintlrintflrintlllrintllrintfllrintl
(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
 rounds to an integer using current rounding mode with
exception if the result differs
(function)
Floating-point manipulation functions
frexpfrexpffrexpl
(C99)(C99)
 breaks a number into significand and a power of 2
(function)
ldexpldexpfldexpl
(C99)(C99)
 multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power
(function)
modfmodffmodfl
(C99)(C99)
 breaks a number into integer and fractional parts
(function)
scalbnscalbnfscalbnlscalblnscalblnfscalblnl
(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes efficiently a number times FLT_RADIX raised to a power
(function)
ilogbilogbfilogbl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 extracts exponent of the given number
(function)
logblogbflogbl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 extracts exponent of the given number
(function)
nextafternextafterfnextafterlnexttowardnexttowardfnexttowardl
(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
 determines next representable floating-point value towards the given value
(function)
nextupnextupfnextuplnextdownnextdownfnextdownl
(C23)(C23)(C23)(C23)(C23)(C23)
 determines next representable floating-point value greater or less than the given value
(function)
copysigncopysignfcopysignl
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 produces a value with the magnitude of a given value and the sign of another given value
(function)
Classification and comparison
fpclassify
(C99)
 classifies the given floating-point value
(function macro)
isfinite
(C99)
 checks if the given number has finite value
(function macro)
isinf
(C99)
 checks if the given number is infinite
(function macro)
isnan
(C99)
 checks if the given number is NaN
(function macro)
isnormal
(C99)
 checks if the given number is normal
(function macro)
signbit
(C99)
 checks if the given number is negative
(function macro)
isgreater
(C99)
 checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second
(function macro)
isgreaterequal
(C99)
 checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second
(function macro)
isless
(C99)
 checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second
(function macro)
islessequal
(C99)
 checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second
(function macro)
islessgreater
(C99)
 checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second
(function macro)
isunordered
(C99)
 checks if two floating-point values are unordered
(function macro)

References

  • C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):
    • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
    • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: TBD)
    • 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
    • 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
    • 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
  • C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
    • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 158-160)
    • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 169-190)
    • 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 248-262)
    • 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 332)
    • 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 333)
  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
    • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 217-220)
    • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 231-261)
    • 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)
    • 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 455)
    • 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
    • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 198-201)
    • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 212-242)
    • 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 306-324)
    • 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 401)
    • 7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)
  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
    • 4.5 MATHEMATICS <math.h>
    • 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>
    • 4.13.4 Mathematics <math.h>
    • 7.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>

See also

C++ documentation for Common mathematical functions

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Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Unported License v3.0.
https://en.cppreference.com/c/numeric/math

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