std::exception

class exception;

Provides consistent interface to handle errors through the throw expression.

All exceptions generated by the standard library inherit from std::exception.

Member functions

Standard exception requirements

Each standard library class T that derives from std::exception has the following publicly accessible member functions, each of them do not exit with an exception(until C++11)having a non-throwing exception specification(since C++11):

• default constructor (unless other constructors are provided)
• copy constructor
• copy assignment operator

The copy constructor and the copy assignment operator meet the following postcondition:

• If two objects lhs and rhs both have dynamic type T and lhs is a copy of rhs, then std::strcmp(lhs.what(), rhs.what()) is equal to 0.

The what() member function of each such T satisfies the constraints specified for std::exception::what().

Standard exceptions

• logic_error
• invalid_argument
• domain_error
• length_error
• out_of_range
• future_error (since C++11)
• runtime_error
• range_error
• overflow_error
• underflow_error
• regex_error (since C++11)
• system_error (since C++11)
• ios_base::failure (since C++11)
• filesystem::filesystem_error (since C++17)
• tx_exception (TM TS)
• nonexistent_local_time (since C++20)
• ambiguous_local_time (since C++20)
• format_error (since C++20)
• bad_typeid
• bad_cast
• bad_any_cast (since C++17)
• bad_optional_access (since C++17)
• bad_variant_access (since C++17)
• bad_expected_access (since C++23)
• bad_weak_ptr (since C++11)
• bad_function_call (since C++11)
• bad_alloc
• bad_array_new_length (since C++11)
• bad_exception
• ios_base::failure (until C++11)
• meta::exception (since C++26)

Notes

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.