std::bit_floor

Defined in header `<bit>`
template< class T > constexpr T bit_floor( T x ) noexcept;		(since C++20)

If x is not zero, calculates the largest integral power of two that is not greater than x. If x is zero, returns zero.

This overload participates in overload resolution only if T is an unsigned integer type (that is, unsignedchar, unsignedshort, unsignedint, unsignedlong, unsignedlonglong, or an extended unsigned integer type).

Parameters

unsigned integer value

Return value

Zero if x is zero; otherwise, the largest integral power of two that is not greater than x.

Notes

Prior to P1956R1, the proposed name for this function template was floor2.

Feature-test macro	Value	Std	Feature
`__cpp_lib_int_pow2`	`202002L`	(C++20)	Integral power-of-2 operations

Possible implementation

template<typename T, typename ... U>
concept neither = (!std::same_as<T, U> && ...);

template<std::unsigned_integral T>
    requires neither<T, bool, char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t>
constexpr T bit_floor(T x) noexcept
{
    if (x != 0)
        return T{1} << (std::bit_width(x) - 1);
    return 0;
}

Example

#include <bit>
#include <bitset>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    using bin = std::bitset<8>;
    for (unsigned x{}; x != 012; ++x)
        std::cout << "bit_floor( " << bin(x) << " ) = "
                  << bin(std::bit_floor(x)) << '\n';
}

Output:

bit_floor( 00000000 ) = 00000000
bit_floor( 00000001 ) = 00000001
bit_floor( 00000010 ) = 00000010
bit_floor( 00000011 ) = 00000010
bit_floor( 00000100 ) = 00000100
bit_floor( 00000101 ) = 00000100
bit_floor( 00000110 ) = 00000100
bit_floor( 00000111 ) = 00000100
bit_floor( 00001000 ) = 00001000
bit_floor( 00001001 ) = 00001000

bit_ceil (C++20)	finds the smallest integral power of 2 not less than the given value (function template)
rotr (C++20)	computes the result of bitwise right-rotation (function template)
bit_width (C++20)	finds the smallest number of bits needed to represent the given value (function template)
has_single_bit (C++20)	checks if a number is an integral power of 2 (function template)