`:user-invalid` CSS pseudo-class

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It's been available across browsers since November 2023.

The :user-invalid CSS pseudo-class represents any validated form element whose value isn't valid based on their validation constraints, after the user has interacted with it.

The :user-invalid pseudo-class must match an :invalid, :out-of-range, or blank-but :required element between the time the user has attempted to submit the form and before the user has interacted again with the form element.

Syntax

:user-invalid {
  /* ... */
}

Examples

Setting a color and symbol on :user-invalid

In the following example, the red border and ❌ only display once the user has interacted with the field. Try typing something other than an email address to see it in action.

<form>
  <label for="email">Email *: </label>
  <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required />
  <span></span>
</form>

input:user-invalid {
  border: 2px solid red;
}

input:user-invalid + span::before {
  content: "✖";
  color: red;
}

Specifications

Specification
HTML # selector-user-invalid
Selectors Level 4 # user-invalid-pseudo

Browser compatibility