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coerce

Data is not always clean. Depending on how it is produced a number might be rendered in the JSON body as a true JSON number, e.g. 5, but it might also be rendered as a string, e.g. "5". Alternatively, a number that should be an integer might instead be rendered as a floating point, e.g. 5.0, or even "5.0".

Coercion attempts to clean up dirty values to fit the data type of a field. For instance:

Strings will be coerced to numbers.
Floating points will be truncated for integer values.

For instance:

resp = client.indices.create(
    index="my-index-000001",
    mappings={
        "properties": {
            "number_one": {
                "type": "integer"
            },
            "number_two": {
                "type": "integer",
                "coerce": False
            }
        }
    },
)
print(resp)

resp1 = client.index(
    index="my-index-000001",
    id="1",
    document={
        "number_one": "10"
    },
)
print(resp1)

resp2 = client.index(
    index="my-index-000001",
    id="2",
    document={
        "number_two": "10"
    },
)
print(resp2)

response = client.indices.create(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    mappings: {
      properties: {
        number_one: {
          type: 'integer'
        },
        number_two: {
          type: 'integer',
          coerce: false
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response

response = client.index(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  id: 1,
  body: {
    number_one: '10'
  }
)
puts response

response = client.index(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  id: 2,
  body: {
    number_two: '10'
  }
)
puts response

const response = await client.indices.create({
  index: "my-index-000001",
  mappings: {
    properties: {
      number_one: {
        type: "integer",
      },
      number_two: {
        type: "integer",
        coerce: false,
      },
    },
  },
});
console.log(response);

const response1 = await client.index({
  index: "my-index-000001",
  id: 1,
  document: {
    number_one: "10",
  },
});
console.log(response1);

const response2 = await client.index({
  index: "my-index-000001",
  id: 2,
  document: {
    number_two: "10",
  },
});
console.log(response2);

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "number_one": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "number_two": {
        "type": "integer",
        "coerce": false
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "number_one": "10" 
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/2
{
  "number_two": "10" 
}

	The `number_one` field will contain the integer `10`.
	This document will be rejected because coercion is disabled.

The coerce setting value can be updated on existing fields using the update mapping API.

Index-level default

The index.mapping.coerce setting can be set on the index level to disable coercion globally across all mapping types:

resp = client.indices.create(
    index="my-index-000001",
    settings={
        "index.mapping.coerce": False
    },
    mappings={
        "properties": {
            "number_one": {
                "type": "integer",
                "coerce": True
            },
            "number_two": {
                "type": "integer"
            }
        }
    },
)
print(resp)

resp1 = client.index(
    index="my-index-000001",
    id="1",
    document={
        "number_one": "10"
    },
)
print(resp1)

resp2 = client.index(
    index="my-index-000001",
    id="2",
    document={
        "number_two": "10"
    },
)
print(resp2)

response = client.indices.create(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  body: {
    settings: {
      'index.mapping.coerce' => false
    },
    mappings: {
      properties: {
        number_one: {
          type: 'integer',
          coerce: true
        },
        number_two: {
          type: 'integer'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response

response = client.index(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  id: 1,
  body: {
    number_one: '10'
  }
)
puts response

response = client.index(
  index: 'my-index-000001',
  id: 2,
  body: {
    number_two: '10'
  }
)
puts response

const response = await client.indices.create({
  index: "my-index-000001",
  settings: {
    "index.mapping.coerce": false,
  },
  mappings: {
    properties: {
      number_one: {
        type: "integer",
        coerce: true,
      },
      number_two: {
        type: "integer",
      },
    },
  },
});
console.log(response);

const response1 = await client.index({
  index: "my-index-000001",
  id: 1,
  document: {
    number_one: "10",
  },
});
console.log(response1);

const response2 = await client.index({
  index: "my-index-000001",
  id: 2,
  document: {
    number_two: "10",
  },
});
console.log(response2);

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "settings": {
    "index.mapping.coerce": false
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "number_one": {
        "type": "integer",
        "coerce": true
      },
      "number_two": {
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{ "number_one": "10" } 

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/2
{ "number_two": "10" }

	The `number_one` field overrides the index level setting to enable coercion.
	This document will be rejected because the `number_two` field inherits the index-level coercion setting.

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https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.17/coerce.html