make_gaussian_quantiles

sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(*, mean=None, cov=1.0, n_samples=100, n_features=2, n_classes=3, shuffle=True, random_state=None)[source]

Generate isotropic Gaussian and label samples by quantile.

This classification dataset is constructed by taking a multi-dimensional standard normal distribution and defining classes separated by nested concentric multi-dimensional spheres such that roughly equal numbers of samples are in each class (quantiles of the \(\chi^2\) distribution).

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:

meanarray-like of shape (n_features,), default=None

The mean of the multi-dimensional normal distribution. If None then use the origin (0, 0, …).

covfloat, default=1.0

The covariance matrix will be this value times the unit matrix. This dataset only produces symmetric normal distributions.

n_samplesint, default=100

The total number of points equally divided among classes.

n_featuresint, default=2

The number of features for each sample.

n_classesint, default=3

The number of classes.

shufflebool, default=True

Shuffle the samples.

random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, default=None

Determines random number generation for dataset creation. Pass an int for reproducible output across multiple function calls. See Glossary.

Returns:

Xndarray of shape (n_samples, n_features)

The generated samples.

yndarray of shape (n_samples,)

The integer labels for quantile membership of each sample.

Notes

The dataset is from Zhu et al [1].

References

[1]

J. Zhu, H. Zou, S. Rosset, T. Hastie, “Multi-class AdaBoost.” Statistics and its Interface 2.3 (2009): 349-360.

Examples

>>> from sklearn.datasets import make_gaussian_quantiles
>>> X, y = make_gaussian_quantiles(random_state=42)
>>> X.shape
(100, 2)
>>> y.shape
(100,)
>>> list(y[:5])
[np.int64(2), np.int64(0), np.int64(1), np.int64(0), np.int64(2)]

Gallery examples

Multi-class AdaBoosted Decision Trees

Two-class AdaBoost