URL

Manipulate URLs, extract data from URLs and manage query parameters.

Eg URL

interface URL

The URL interface represents an object providing static methods used for creating, parsing, and manipulating URLs in Deno.

Use the URL API for safely parsing, constructing, normalizing, and encoding URLs. This is the preferred way to work with URLs in Deno rather than manual string manipulation which can lead to errors and security issues.

Properties

hash: string

The hash property of the URL interface is a string that starts with a # and is followed by the fragment identifier of the URL. It returns an empty string if the URL does not contain a fragment identifier.

host: string

The host property of the URL interface is a string that includes the URL.hostname and the URL.port if one is specified in the URL includes by including a : followed by the port number.

hostname: string

The hostname property of the URL interface is a string that represents the fully qualified domain name of the URL.

href: string

The href property of the URL interface is a string that represents the complete URL.

origin: string

readonly

The origin property of the URL interface is a string that represents the origin of the URL, that is the URL.protocol, URL.host, and URL.port.

password: string

The password property of the URL interface is a string that represents the password specified in the URL.

pathname: string

The pathname property of the URL interface is a string that represents the path of the URL.

port: string

The port property of the URL interface is a string that represents the port of the URL if an explicit port has been specified in the URL.

protocol: string

The protocol property of the URL interface is a string that represents the protocol scheme of the URL and includes a trailing :.

search: string

The search property of the URL interface is a string that represents the search string, or the query string, of the URL. This includes the ? character and the but excludes identifiers within the represented resource such as the URL.hash. More granular control can be found using URL.searchParams property.

searchParams: URLSearchParams

readonly

The searchParams property of the URL interface provides a direct interface to query parameters through a URLSearchParams object.

This property offers a convenient way to:

Parse URL query parameters
Manipulate query strings
Add, modify, or delete URL parameters
Work with form data in a URL-encoded format
Handle query string encoding/decoding automatically

username: string

The username property of the URL interface is a string that represents the username of the URL.

Methods

toString(): string

The toString() method of the URL interface returns a string containing the complete URL.

toJSON(): string

The toJSON() method of the URL interface returns a JSON representation of the URL.

See

https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/URL

variable URL

The URL interface represents an object providing static methods used for creating, parsing, and manipulating URLs.

Properties

prototype: URL

readonly

Methods

parse(

url: string | URL,

base?: string | URL,
): URL | null

Parses a URL string or URL object and returns a URL object.

canParse(

url: string | URL,

base?: string | URL,
): boolean

Returns a boolean value indicating if a URL string is valid and can be parsed.

createObjectURL(blob: Blob): string

Creates a unique, temporary URL that represents a given Blob, File, or MediaSource object.

This method is particularly useful for:

Creating URLs for dynamically generated content
Working with blobs in a browser context
Creating workers from dynamically generated code
Setting up temporary URL references for file downloads

Note: Always call URL.revokeObjectURL() when you're done using the URL to prevent memory leaks.

revokeObjectURL(url: string): void

Revokes a previously created object URL, freeing the memory associated with it.

Important for memory management in applications that create dynamic URLs. Once an object URL is revoked:

It can no longer be used to fetch the content it referenced
The browser/runtime is allowed to release the memory or resources associated with it
Workers created via the URL will continue to run, but the URL becomes invalid for new creations

For security and performance in Deno applications, always revoke object URLs as soon as they're no longer needed, especially when processing large files or generating many URLs.

See

https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/URL

interface URLPattern

The URLPattern API provides a web platform primitive for matching URLs based on a convenient pattern syntax.

Common use cases for URLPattern include:

Building routers for web applications
Pattern-matching URLs for middleware
Extracting parameters from URL paths
URL-based feature toggles
Routing in serverless and edge functions

The syntax is based on path-to-regexp, supporting wildcards, named capture groups, regular groups, and group modifiers - similar to Express.js route patterns.

Examples

// Basic routing with URLPattern (similar to Express.js)
const routes = [
  new URLPattern({ pathname: "/users" }),
  new URLPattern({ pathname: "/users/:id" }),
  new URLPattern({ pathname: "/products/:category/:id?" }),
];

// Check incoming request against routes
function handleRequest(req: Request) {
  const url = new URL(req.url);

  for (const route of routes) {
    const match = route.exec(url);
    if (match) {
      // Extract parameters from the URL
      const params = match.pathname.groups;
      return new Response(`Matched: ${JSON.stringify(params)}`);
    }
  }

  return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 });
}

// Matching different URL parts
const apiPattern = new URLPattern({
  protocol: "https",
  hostname: "api.example.com",
  pathname: "/v:version/:resource/:id?",
  search: "*", // Match any query string
});

const match = apiPattern.exec("https://api.example.com/v1/users/123?format=json");
if (match) {
  console.log(match.pathname.groups.version); // "1"
  console.log(match.pathname.groups.resource); // "users"
  console.log(match.pathname.groups.id); // "123"
}

Properties

protocol: string

readonly

The pattern string for the protocol.

username: string

readonly

The pattern string for the username.

password: string

readonly

The pattern string for the password.

hostname: string

readonly

The pattern string for the hostname.

port: string

readonly

The pattern string for the port.

pathname: string

readonly

The pattern string for the pathname.

search: string

readonly

The pattern string for the search.

hash: string

readonly

The pattern string for the hash.

hasRegExpGroups: boolean

readonly

Whether or not any of the specified groups use regexp groups.

Methods

test(

input: URLPatternInput,

baseURL?: string,
): boolean

Test if the given input matches the stored pattern.

The input can either be provided as an absolute URL string with an optional base, relative URL string with a required base, or as individual components in the form of an URLPatternInit object.

const pattern = new URLPattern("https://example.com/books/:id");

// Test an absolute url string.
console.log(pattern.test("https://example.com/books/123")); // true

// Test a relative url with a base.
console.log(pattern.test("/books/123", "https://example.com")); // true

// Test an object of url components.
console.log(pattern.test({ pathname: "/books/123" })); // true

exec(

input: URLPatternInput,

baseURL?: string,
): URLPatternResult | null

Match the given input against the stored pattern.

The input can either be provided as an absolute URL string with an optional base, relative URL string with a required base, or as individual components in the form of an URLPatternInit object.

const pattern = new URLPattern("https://example.com/books/:id");

// Match an absolute url string.
let match = pattern.exec("https://example.com/books/123");
console.log(match.pathname.groups.id); // 123

// Match a relative url with a base.
match = pattern.exec("/books/123", "https://example.com");
console.log(match.pathname.groups.id); // 123

// Match an object of url components.
match = pattern.exec({ pathname: "/books/123" });
console.log(match.pathname.groups.id); // 123

variable URLPattern

The URLPattern API provides a web platform primitive for matching URLs based on a convenient pattern syntax.

The syntax is based on path-to-regexp. Wildcards, named capture groups, regular groups, and group modifiers are all supported.

// Specify the pattern as structured data.
const pattern = new URLPattern({ pathname: "/users/:user" });
const match = pattern.exec("https://blog.example.com/users/joe");
console.log(match.pathname.groups.user); // joe

// Specify a fully qualified string pattern.
const pattern = new URLPattern("https://example.com/books/:id");
console.log(pattern.test("https://example.com/books/123")); // true
console.log(pattern.test("https://deno.land/books/123")); // false

// Specify a relative string pattern with a base URL.
const pattern = new URLPattern("/article/:id", "https://blog.example.com");
console.log(pattern.test("https://blog.example.com/article")); // false
console.log(pattern.test("https://blog.example.com/article/123")); // true

Properties

prototype: URLPattern

readonly

interface URLPatternComponentResult

Properties

input: string

groups: Record<string, string | undefined>

interface URLPatternInit

Properties

protocol: string

optional

username: string

optional

password: string

optional

hostname: string

optional

port: string

optional

pathname: string

optional

search: string

optional

hash: string

optional

baseURL: string

optional

interface URLPatternOptions

Options for the URLPattern constructor.

Properties

ignoreCase: boolean = false

Enables case-insensitive matching.

interface URLPatternResult

URLPatternResult is the object returned from URLPattern.exec.

Properties

inputs: [URLPatternInit] | [URLPatternInit, string]

The inputs provided when matching.

protocol: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the protocol matcher.

username: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the username matcher.

password: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the password matcher.

hostname: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the hostname matcher.

port: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the port matcher.

pathname: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the pathname matcher.

search: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the search matcher.

hash: URLPatternComponentResult

The matched result for the hash matcher.

interface URLSearchParams

URLSearchParams provides methods for working with the query string of a URL.

Use this interface to:

Parse query parameters from URLs
Build and modify query strings
Handle form data (when used with FormData)
Safely encode/decode URL parameter values

Properties

size: number

readonly

Contains the number of search parameters

searchParams.size

Methods

append(

name: string,

value: string,
): void

Appends a specified key/value pair as a new search parameter.

let searchParams = new URLSearchParams();
searchParams.append('name', 'first');
searchParams.append('name', 'second');

delete(

name: string,

value?: string,
): void

Deletes search parameters that match a name, and optional value, from the list of all search parameters.

let searchParams = new URLSearchParams([['name', 'value']]);
searchParams.delete('name');
searchParams.delete('name', 'value');

getAll(name: string): string[]

Returns all the values associated with a given search parameter as an array.

searchParams.getAll('name');

get(name: string): string | null

Returns the first value associated to the given search parameter.

searchParams.get('name');

has(

name: string,

value?: string,
): boolean

Returns a boolean value indicating if a given parameter, or parameter and value pair, exists.

searchParams.has('name');
searchParams.has('name', 'value');

set(

name: string,

value: string,
): void

Sets the value associated with a given search parameter to the given value. If there were several matching values, this method deletes the others. If the search parameter doesn't exist, this method creates it.

searchParams.set('name', 'value');

sort(): void

Sort all key/value pairs contained in this object in place and return undefined. The sort order is according to Unicode code points of the keys.

searchParams.sort();

forEach(

callbackfn: (

value: string,

key: string,

parent: this,
) => void,

thisArg?: any,
): void

Calls a function for each element contained in this object in place and return undefined. Optionally accepts an object to use as this when executing callback as second argument.

const params = new URLSearchParams([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
params.forEach((value, key, parent) => {
  console.log(value, key, parent);
});

keys(): URLSearchParamsIterator<string>

Returns an iterator allowing to go through all keys contained in this object.

const params = new URLSearchParams([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
for (const key of params.keys()) {
  console.log(key);
}

values(): URLSearchParamsIterator<string>

Returns an iterator allowing to go through all values contained in this object.

const params = new URLSearchParams([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
for (const value of params.values()) {
  console.log(value);
}

entries(): URLSearchParamsIterator<[string, string]>

Returns an iterator allowing to go through all key/value pairs contained in this object.

const params = new URLSearchParams([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
for (const [key, value] of params.entries()) {
  console.log(key, value);
}

[[Symbol.iterator]](): URLSearchParamsIterator<[string, string]>

Returns an iterator allowing to go through all key/value pairs contained in this object.

const params = new URLSearchParams([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
for (const [key, value] of params) {
  console.log(key, value);
}

toString(): string

Returns a query string suitable for use in a URL.

searchParams.toString();

variable URLSearchParams

The URLSearchParams interface defines utility methods to work with the query string of a URL. An object implementing URLSearchParams can directly be used in a for...of structure to iterate over key/value pairs in the same order as they appear in the query string.

Properties

prototype: URLSearchParams

readonly

See

https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams

interface URLSearchParamsIterator

extends IteratorObject<T, BuiltinIteratorReturn, unknown>

Iterator for the URLSearchParams class, used to iterate over key-value pairs in search parameters.

Examples

const url = new URL('https://example.org/path?a=1&b=2');
const queryString = url.search.substring(1); // Remove the leading '?'
const params = new URLSearchParams(queryString);
const iterator = params.entries();
console.log(iterator.next().value); // ['a', '1']
console.log(iterator.next().value); // ['b', '2']

Type Parameters

T

Methods

[[Symbol.iterator]](): URLSearchParamsIterator<T>

type alias URLPatternInput

Definition

string | URLPatternInit