Class SplittableRandom

java.lang.Object

java.util.SplittableRandom

All Implemented Interfaces:: RandomGenerator, RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator, RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator

public final class SplittableRandom extends Object implements RandomGenerator, RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator

A generator of uniform pseudorandom values (with period 2⁶⁴) applicable for use in (among other contexts) isolated parallel computations that may generate subtasks. Class SplittableRandom supports methods for producing pseudorandom numbers of type int, long, and double with similar usages as for class Random but differs in the following ways:

Series of generated values pass the DieHarder suite testing independence and uniformity properties of random number generators. (Most recently validated with version 3.31.1.) These tests validate only the methods for certain types and ranges, but similar properties are expected to hold, at least approximately, for others as well. The period (length of any series of generated values before it repeats) is 2⁶⁴.
Method split() constructs and returns a new SplittableRandom instance that shares no mutable state with the current instance. However, with very high probability, the values collectively generated by the two objects have the same statistical properties as if the same quantity of values were generated by a single thread using a single SplittableRandom object.
Instances of SplittableRandom are not thread-safe. They are designed to be split, not shared, across threads. For example, a fork/join-style computation using random numbers might include a construction of the form new Subtask(aSplittableRandom.split()).fork().
This class provides additional methods for generating random streams, that employ the above techniques when used in stream.parallel() mode.

Instances of SplittableRandom are not cryptographically secure. Consider instead using SecureRandom in security-sensitive applications. Additionally, default-constructed instances do not use a cryptographically random seed unless the system property java.util.secureRandomSeed is set to true.

Since:: 1.8

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces declared in interface RandomGenerator

RandomGenerator.ArbitrarilyJumpableGenerator, RandomGenerator.JumpableGenerator, RandomGenerator.LeapableGenerator, RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator, RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator

Modifier and Type	Interface	Description
`static interface`	`RandomGenerator.ArbitrarilyJumpableGenerator`	This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate sequences of pseudorandom values and can easily jump forward, by an arbitrary amount, to a distant point in the state cycle.
`static interface`	`RandomGenerator.JumpableGenerator`	This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate pseudorandom values and can easily jump forward, by a moderate amount (ex. 2⁶⁴) to a distant point in the state cycle.
`static interface`	`RandomGenerator.LeapableGenerator`	This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate sequences of pseudorandom values and can easily not only jump but also leap forward, by a large amount (ex. 2¹²⁸), to a very distant point in the state cycle.
`static interface`	`RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator`	This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate sequences of pseudorandom values and can be split into two objects (the original one and a new one) each of which obey that same protocol (and therefore can be recursively split indefinitely).
`static interface`	`RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator`	The `RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator` interface augments the `RandomGenerator` interface to provide methods that return streams of `RandomGenerator` objects.

Constructor Summary

Constructor	Description
`SplittableRandom()`	Creates a new SplittableRandom instance that is likely to generate sequences of values that are statistically independent of those of any other instances in the current program; and may, and typically does, vary across program invocations.
`SplittableRandom(long seed)`	Creates a new SplittableRandom instance using the specified initial seed.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`DoubleStream`	`doubles()`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom `double` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value is between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
`DoubleStream`	`doubles(double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom `double` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
`DoubleStream`	`doubles(long streamSize)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandom `double` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value is between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
`DoubleStream`	`doubles(long streamSize, double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandom `double` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
`IntStream`	`ints()`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom `int` values from this generator and/or one split from it.
`IntStream`	`ints(int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom `int` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
`IntStream`	`ints(long streamSize)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandom `int` values from this generator and/or one split from it.
`IntStream`	`ints(long streamSize, int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandom `int` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
`LongStream`	`longs()`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom `long` values from this generator and/or one split from it.
`LongStream`	`longs(long streamSize)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandom `long` values from this generator and/or one split from it.
`LongStream`	`longs(long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom `long` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
`LongStream`	`longs(long streamSize, long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandom `long` values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
`void`	`nextBytes(byte[] bytes)`	Fills a user-supplied byte array with generated byte values pseudorandomly chosen uniformly from the range of values between -128 (inclusive) and 127 (inclusive).
`long`	`nextLong()`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value.
`SplittableRandom`	`split()`	Constructs and returns a new SplittableRandom instance that shares no mutable state with this instance.
`SplittableRandom`	`split(RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator source)`	Returns a new pseudorandom number generator, split off from this one, that implements the `RandomGenerator` and `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator` interfaces.
`Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator>`	`splits()`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator` interface.
`Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator>`	`splits(long streamSize)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator` interface.
`Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator>`	`splits(long streamSize, RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator source)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator` interface.
`Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator>`	`splits(RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator source)`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator` interface.

Methods declared in class Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`protected Object`	`clone()`	Creates and returns a copy of this object.
`boolean`	`equals(Object obj)`	Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
`protected void`	`finalize()`	Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version. Finalization is deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
`final Class<?>`	`getClass()`	Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
`int`	`hashCode()`	Returns a hash code value for this object.
`final void`	`notify()`	Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
`final void`	`notifyAll()`	Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
`String`	`toString()`	Returns a string representation of the object.
`final void`	`wait()`	Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
`final void`	`wait(long timeoutMillis)`	Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
`final void`	`wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)`	Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.

Methods declared in interface RandomGenerator

equiDoubles, isDeprecated, nextBoolean, nextDouble, nextDouble, nextDouble, nextExponential, nextFloat, nextFloat, nextFloat, nextGaussian, nextGaussian, nextInt, nextInt, nextInt, nextLong, nextLong

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`default DoubleStream`	`equiDoubles(double left, double right, boolean isLeftIncluded, boolean isRightIncluded)`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, where each value is between the specified `left` boundary and the specified `right` boundary.
`default boolean`	`isDeprecated()`	Return true if the implementation of RandomGenerator (algorithm) has been marked for deprecation.
`default boolean`	`nextBoolean()`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `boolean` value.
`default double`	`nextDouble()`	Returns a pseudorandom `double` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
`default double`	`nextDouble(double bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default double`	`nextDouble(double origin, double bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default double`	`nextExponential()`	Returns a nonnegative `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from an exponential distribution whose mean is 1.
`default float`	`nextFloat()`	Returns a pseudorandom `float` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
`default float`	`nextFloat(float bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default float`	`nextFloat(float origin, float bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default double`	`nextGaussian()`	Returns a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian (normal) distribution whose mean is 0 and whose standard deviation is 1.
`default double`	`nextGaussian(double mean, double stddev)`	Returns a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian (normal) distribution with a mean and standard deviation specified by the arguments.
`default int`	`nextInt()`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value.
`default int`	`nextInt(int bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default int`	`nextInt(int origin, int bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default long`	`nextLong(long bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
`default long`	`nextLong(long origin, long bound)`	Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).

Methods declared in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator

rngs, rngs

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`default Stream<RandomGenerator>`	`rngs()`	Returns an effectively unlimited stream of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the `RandomGenerator` interface.
`default Stream<RandomGenerator>`	`rngs(long streamSize)`	Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the `RandomGenerator` interface.

Constructor Details

SplittableRandom

public SplittableRandom(long seed)

Creates a new SplittableRandom instance using the specified initial seed. SplittableRandom instances created with the same seed in the same program generate identical sequences of values.

Parameters:: seed - the initial seed

SplittableRandom

public SplittableRandom()

Creates a new SplittableRandom instance that is likely to generate sequences of values that are statistically independent of those of any other instances in the current program; and may, and typically does, vary across program invocations.

Method Details

split

public SplittableRandom split()

Constructs and returns a new SplittableRandom instance that shares no mutable state with this instance. However, with very high probability, the set of values collectively generated by the two objects has the same statistical properties as if the same quantity of values were generated by a single thread using a single SplittableRandom object. Either or both of the two objects may be further split using the split() method, and the same expected statistical properties apply to the entire set of generators constructed by such recursive splitting.

Specified by:: split in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator
Returns:: the new SplittableRandom instance

split

public SplittableRandom split(RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator source)

Returns a new pseudorandom number generator, split off from this one, that implements the RandomGenerator and RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator interfaces.

Specified by:: split in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator
Parameters:: source - a RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator instance to be used instead of this one as a source of pseudorandom bits used to initialize the state of the new ones.
Returns:: an object that implements the RandomGenerator and RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator interfaces
Throws:: NullPointerException - if source is null
Since:: 17

nextLong

public long nextLong()

Description copied from interface: RandomGenerator

Returns a pseudorandomly chosen long value.

Specified by:: nextLong in interface RandomGenerator
Returns:: a pseudorandomly chosen long value

nextBytes

public void nextBytes(byte[] bytes)

Fills a user-supplied byte array with generated byte values pseudorandomly chosen uniformly from the range of values between -128 (inclusive) and 127 (inclusive).

Specified by:: nextBytes in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: bytes - the byte array to fill with pseudorandom bytes
Throws:: NullPointerException - if bytes is null
Since:: 10

splits

public Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator> splits()

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator interface.

This pseudorandom number generator may be used as a source of pseudorandom bits used to initialize the state the new ones.

Specified by:: splits in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator
Implementation Requirements:: The default implementation invokes splits(this).
Returns:: a stream of RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator objects
Since:: 17

splits

public Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator> splits(long streamSize)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator interface.

This pseudorandom number generator may be used as a source of pseudorandom bits used to initialize the state the new ones.

Specified by:: splits in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator
Implementation Requirements:
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate
Returns:: a stream of RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator objects
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero
Since:: 17

splits

public Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator> splits(RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator source)

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator interface.

Specified by:: splits in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator
Implementation Requirements:
Parameters:: source - a RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator instance to be used instead of this one as a source of pseudorandom bits used to initialize the state of the new ones.
Returns:: a stream of RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator objects
Throws:: NullPointerException - if source is null
Since:: 17

splits

public Stream<RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator> splits(long streamSize, RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator source)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of new pseudorandom number generators, each of which implements the RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator interface.

Specified by:: splits in interface RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator
Implementation Requirements:
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate; source - a RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator instance to be used instead of this one as a source of pseudorandom bits used to initialize the state of the new ones.
Returns:: a stream of RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator objects
Throws:: NullPointerException - if source is null; IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero
Since:: 17

ints

public IntStream ints(long streamSize)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of pseudorandom int values from this generator and/or one split from it.

Specified by:: ints in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom int values
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero

ints

public IntStream ints()

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom int values from this generator and/or one split from it.

Specified by:: ints in interface RandomGenerator
Implementation Note:: This method is implemented to be equivalent to ints(Long.MAX_VALUE).
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom int values

ints

public IntStream ints(long streamSize, int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of pseudorandom int values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Specified by:: ints in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate; randomNumberOrigin - the origin (inclusive) of each random value; randomNumberBound - the bound (exclusive) of each random value
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom int values, each with the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive)
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero, or randomNumberOrigin is greater than or equal to randomNumberBound

ints

public IntStream ints(int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom

int

values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Specified by:: ints in interface RandomGenerator
Implementation Note:: This method is implemented to be equivalent to ints(Long.MAX_VALUE, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
Parameters:: randomNumberOrigin - the origin (inclusive) of each random value; randomNumberBound - the bound (exclusive) of each random value
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom int values, each with the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive)
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if randomNumberOrigin is greater than or equal to randomNumberBound

longs

public LongStream longs(long streamSize)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of pseudorandom long values from this generator and/or one split from it.

Specified by:: longs in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom long values
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero

longs

public LongStream longs()

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom


long

values from this generator and/or one split from it.

Specified by:: longs in interface RandomGenerator
Implementation Note:: This method is implemented to be equivalent to longs(Long.MAX_VALUE).
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom long values

longs

public LongStream longs(long streamSize, long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of pseudorandom long values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Specified by:: longs in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate; randomNumberOrigin - the origin (inclusive) of each random value; randomNumberBound - the bound (exclusive) of each random value
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom long values, each with the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive)
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero, or randomNumberOrigin is greater than or equal to randomNumberBound

longs

public LongStream longs(long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom


long

values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Specified by:: longs in interface RandomGenerator
Implementation Note:: This method is implemented to be equivalent to longs(Long.MAX_VALUE, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
Parameters:: randomNumberOrigin - the origin (inclusive) of each random value; randomNumberBound - the bound (exclusive) of each random value
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom long values, each with the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive)
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if randomNumberOrigin is greater than or equal to randomNumberBound

doubles

public DoubleStream doubles(long streamSize)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of pseudorandom double values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value is between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).

Specified by:: doubles in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate
Returns:: a stream of double values
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero

doubles

public DoubleStream doubles()

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom


double

values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value is between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).

Specified by:: doubles in interface RandomGenerator
Implementation Note:: This method is implemented to be equivalent to doubles(Long.MAX_VALUE).
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom double values

doubles

public DoubleStream doubles(long streamSize, double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)

Returns a stream producing the given streamSize number of pseudorandom double values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Specified by:: doubles in interface RandomGenerator
Parameters:: streamSize - the number of values to generate; randomNumberOrigin - the origin (inclusive) of each random value; randomNumberBound - the bound (exclusive) of each random value
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom double values, each with the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive)
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if streamSize is less than zero, or randomNumberOrigin is not finite, or randomNumberBound is not finite, or randomNumberOrigin is greater than or equal to randomNumberBound

doubles

public DoubleStream doubles(double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)

Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandom


double

values from this generator and/or one split from it; each value conforms to the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Specified by:: doubles in interface RandomGenerator
Implementation Note:: This method is implemented to be equivalent to doubles(Long.MAX_VALUE, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
Parameters:: randomNumberOrigin - the origin (inclusive) of each random value; randomNumberBound - the bound (exclusive) of each random value
Returns:: a stream of pseudorandom double values, each with the given origin (inclusive) and bound (exclusive)
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if randomNumberOrigin is not finite, or randomNumberBound is not finite, or randomNumberOrigin is greater than or equal to randomNumberBound

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